腹壁可触及肿物的超声辨识（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 叉尿管病变A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )叉尿管病变见于叉和输尿管之间，上会位处叉尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于仅位处叉下。这些病变可展现出为完全无调谐或低调谐。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 上图11A，叉尿管病变，此病变已受受到感染，内部含有稀薄调谐的气泡。B，叉尿管病变，紧迫的病变前壁产生透射伪影。

..Endometriosis子宫乳腺乳癌Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).鼓膜子宫乳腺乳癌是子宫康复的长期合并症，无特殊性展现出，但可于之前手术的瘢痕出口处见一局部肿物，并有周期连续性的痛楚和溃疡。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 上图12 ，剖宫产伤疤出口处子宫乳腺乳癌

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 鼓膜血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可暴发中风连续性咳嗽后、小便或病症中风后，其根源上会是抗凝治疗或出血连续性疾病。由于血肿允许于腹直肌鞘内，上会不很大，其形状根据所出口处位置而定，在突起线以上，血肿常以卵圆形，长轴呈上下方向，可于一侧见到（上图13A）；在突起线以下，由于腹白线缺如，可构建横过中线，因此血肿展现出为分锯齿状，其最大长度位处横轴上。在产妇鼓膜血肿可见于叉上横向构建（上图13B、C）。术后弥散连续性血管内凝血的病人可于鼓膜手术瘢痕附近见到大的血肿（上图13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 上图13A，一中年妇女剧烈咳嗽后腹直肌鞘血肿，圆圈立即腹横脊柱。B，产妇鼓膜血肿。C，一产妇叉静脉吸附出口处上面的鼓膜血肿。UV，叉静脉。D，一弥散连续性血管内凝血的剖宫产术后病人皱纹出口处鼓膜血肿。

分页: [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] 编辑： 张靖